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Indonesia
>> Regional Overview >> Indonesia Overview ACTIVITY DATA SHEET
PROGRAM: Indonesia
TITLE AND NUMBER: Democratic Reforms Sustained and Deepened,* 497-007
STATUS: Continuing
PLANNED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $7,886,000 DA; $10,985,000 ESF
PROPOSED FY 2002 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $7,193,000 DA; $18,500,000 ESF
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1998 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2004Summary: The goal of this activity is to strengthen key democratic institutions and processes in Indonesia to ensure that its transition to democracy succeeds. With a popularly elected and legitimate government now leading the country, there are great opportunities for Indonesia to build a true democracy for the first time in its history. Indonesia's transition to democracy, however, is far from complete or assured. Democratic traditions and institutions are weak; violent sectarian and separatist conflicts undermine democratic processes; and elements of the military and other powerful interests seek to limit or even reverse the process of democratization.
USAID contributed significantly to the critical first phase of Indonesia's democratic transition: the 1999 completion of the first free and fair parliamentary and presidential elections in over 40 years. Since the elections, USAID's Democracy and Governance (DG) program has focused on strengthening key democratic institutions: national and sub-national assemblies, political parties, civil society organizations, and the media. In addition, the program works with civic organizations and the Indonesian government on the development of new approaches and processes for justice sector reform, conflict resolution and reconciliation, all of which are critical for Indonesia's social stability given its current unrest and authoritarian history.
Key Results: Three intermediate results are necessary to achieve this objective: 1) Key national and local level government institutions made more responsive and effective; 2) Increased citizen participation in governance; and 3) Capacity and support for justice sector reform increased.
Performance and Prospects: In FY 2001, USAID intends to obligate a total of $7.886 million in Development Assistance (DA) and $10.985 million in Economic Support Funds (ESF) to strengthen key democratic institutions and processes in Indonesia. Progress in building democratic institutions is necessarily slow and incremental, and it does not always proceed in a straight line. Indonesians are still sorting out many elements of their new political system, a process complicated by political rivalries, economic crisis, and increased communal conflict.
Despite this challenging and fluid environment, significant progress has been made toward building a functioning democracy in Indonesia. Although much remains to be done, the progress to date is significant-particularly when viewed in the context of the authoritarian traditions and legacy Indonesians must replace.
The national legislature (comprised of the DPR-House of Representatives-and MPR-People's Consultative Assembly) has many weaknesses and is a long way from being genuinely representative. But the legislature has asserted itself vis-a-vis the presidency-it is no longer a rubber stamp-and it has become a forum for genuine debate of legislation and state policies. An indication of this was the peaceful and generally successful annual meeting of the MPR held in August 2000 where a number of important constitutional revisions were drafted and debated in a generally transparent and democratic fashion.
USAID has been providing institutional and technical assistance to the DPR and MPR since late 1999. On an institutional level, USAID has supported the efforts of International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES) to install SWARA (an Indonesian acronym meaning "Voice of the People's Representatives"), an unedited broadcast of the parliamentary sessions and commission meetings recorded live and replayed 24 hours daily as well as streaming video and audio on the internet. Since the elections, IFES has also worked with the DPR and MPR Secretariat offices to host Indonesia Baru, a weekly thirty-minute television talk show (with call-ins) on critical policy issues that encourages substantive dialogues among government representatives, officials, civil society and the public. At the request of the MPR and DPR, IFES recently managed a "Comprehensive Assessment and Modernization Plan for the DPR and MPR" study that will form the basis for computerization of the DPR/MPR.
USAID's U.S. and Indonesian partners support the DPR with technical assistance to its research bureau. Partners also support parliamentary Commissions on an ad hoc basis as well as Members of Parliament through workshops and seminars. With USAID funding, IFES, the National Democratic Institute, the Asia Foundation, and Chemonics also have been providing ongoing advice, guidance, international expertise, and research support to the DPR on a variety of issues. This includes but is not limited to electoral reform, procedures and rules for establishing a new Election Commission, human rights, women in legislatures, law drafting, regional autonomy, and civil-military relations.
In FY 2001, USAID plans to provide $2.61 million DA and $4.01 million ESF to increase the responsiveness and effectiveness of the national legislature and selected sub-national assemblies in designated provinces, as well to enhance the capacity of political parties to contribute to good governance.
With support from USAID, the International Republican Institute (IRI) and a number of Indonesian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are also working to strengthen the capabilities of selected sub-national assemblies. The implementation of decentralization in 2001 makes it essential that the capacity as well as the transparency of these legislative bodies be increased. USAID and other donors have been working to enhance the legislative skills of local-level representatives at the same time that it supports the efforts of NGOs to engage and monitor local assembles.
Although they still have a long way to go, government officials at all levels in Indonesia (including legislators) increasingly recognize that decision-making needs to be more participatory and transparent. To capitalize on this, NGOs and other citizen groups must be able to represent effectively the needs of constituents. USAID is continuing to strengthen the capacity of non-governmental organizations to play a role in governance on both the national and sub-national levels. The principal goal is to increase participation and transparency in government decision-making by helping NGOs develop the skills they need to do policy-oriented research, strengthen advocacy capacities and monitor the government. A secondary goal is to make these NGOs sustainable by strengthening their management, building membership, and developing fund raising skills.
USAID supports NGOs that are working to sustain and deepen democratic reforms in areas such as defending human rights, promoting constitutional and electoral reform, improving the environment, combating corruption and other abuses of power, bolstering religious tolerance, empowering women and people with disabilities, and developing Islamic approaches to democracy.
In FY 2001, USAID plans to provide $4.372 million DA and $2.4 million ESF to increase citizen participation in governance by strengthening civil society organizations and their ability to affect the policy making and implementation processes.
With USAID support, significant progress has been made to strengthen a particularly critical element of democratic society: a free and responsible media. USAID supports efforts to professionalize journalists, develop a comprehensive media law, protect journalists and promote better use of the media by NGOs.
In FY 2001, USAID plans to provide $631,000 DA and $2.8 million ESF to enable the electronic and print media to improve the dissemination to the public of information on democracy and governance issues. The support will also help the media to more effectively perform its mandate as a key institution in the country's democratic transition.
A final area of activity is support for reform of the justice sector. To date, the Indonesian government has shown only limited willingness and ability to move forcefully in this area. USAID, in collaboration with the Departments of State and Justice, has supported virtually all reform-minded entities inside and outside the government in an effort to build a "critical mass" of advocates for justice sector reform. USAID also has supported Indonesian activities to combat corruption and to examine and come to terms with past abuses.
In FY 2001, USAID plans to provide $273,000 DA and $1.78 million ESF to increase the capacity and support for justice sector reform through advocacy, analysis and public dialogue. It is anticipated that this dialogue will focus on the need for such reform, the expansion of support for a credible truth and reconciliation process, and a stronger capability to combat corruption.
Possible Adjustments to Plans: The implementation of decentralization in 2001 will make it likely that greater emphasis will be placed on making sub-national governance more participatory and transparent. Changes in the security situation may require that adjustments be made regarding the regions where USAID activities will be conducted.
Other Donor Programs: USAID coordinates closely on a range of donor activities in the democracy and governance area. The most significant of these is the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)/World Bank "Partnership for Governance Reform" program, which coordinates donor support in the areas of justice sector reform, decentralization, legislative strengthening, civil service reform, and civil society strengthening. The partnership is expected to place more emphasis on government bodies than on civil society. In the area of justice sector reform, the most active donors are the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Netherlands, Australia, and the Open Society Institute. Donors active in the area of decentralization include the World Bank, Germany, the Ford Foundation, and the German political party foundations (stiftungs). In addition to the UNDP, the United Kingdom and Japan are expected to provide support for legislative strengthening. Donors supporting the development of civil society include Australia, Canada, the Ford Foundation, and the Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (FNS). The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the British Broadcasting Corporation, FNS and the Netherlands support the strengthening of the media.
Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: The principal contractor is Chemonics International. Principal grantees include 100 Indonesian civil society organizations; the Asia Foundation; the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs; the International Republican Institute; the International Foundation for Election Systems; Participating Agencies Collaborating Together; the Trickle-Up Foundation; the American Center for International Labor Solidarity; and CARE. Principal agencies include the Political and Public Affairs Sections of the U.S. Embassy, and the Department of Justice.
* Previously reported as "Democratic Transition Strengthened."
FY 2002 Performance Table
Indonesia: 497-007
Performance Measures:
Indicator FY97 (Actual) FY98 (Actual) FY99 (Actual) FY00 (Actual) FY00 (Plan) FY01 (Plan) FY02 (Plan) Indicator 1: Number of effective public advocacy campaigns by USAID-supported NGOs and coalitions (The number of times CSOs effectively engage on Women's issues will be broken out.) 101 219 NA NA NA NA Indicator 2: : Number of effective public advocacy campaigns by USAID-supported NGOs and coalitions (The number of times CSOs effectively engage on Women's issues will be broken out.) 21 21 0 0 Indicator 3: Citizen's general satisfaction with performance of democratic institutions in Indonesia NA NA NA NA TBD TBD TBD Indicator 4: Legislative achievements of the national legislature (MPR/DPR) that promise to strengthen Indonesian democracy NA NA NA 8 3 3 3 Indicator 5: Breakthroughs in provision of media services to Indonesian citizens NA NA NA 3 3 3 3 Indicator 6: Breakthroughs in provision of media services to Indonesian citizens NA NA NA 3 3 3 3 Indicator Information:
Indicator Level (S) or (IR) Unit of Measure Source Indicator Description Indicator 1: IR (a) Number of effective advocacy campaigns in specified areas, initiated by targeted NGO NGO records and semi-annual reports "Effective" advocacy leads to discernible impact on policy by 1) influencing the parameters of decision-making (e.g. opening a process to participatory dialogue;) or 2) influencing the final form of a policy or program; or 3) influencing implementation (e.g. helping to define regulations or methods of dissemination.) Indicator 2: IR (b) Number of campaigns addressing women's issues NGO records and semi-annual reports "Effective" advocacy leads to discernible impact on policy by 1) influencing the parameters of decision-making (e.g. opening a process to participatory dialogue;) or 2) influencing the final form of a policy or program; or 3) influencing implementation (e.g. helping to define regulations or methods of dissemination.) Indicator 3: IR Percentage of citizens making positive responses Annual poll Annual poll to be performed in USAID's six focus provinces and two to three control provinces ("Net positive responses" to be recorded;" ie. "strongly negative" and "negative" responses to be substracted from "strongly positive" and "positive" responses.) Indicator 4: IR Achievements are major reforms pursued by USAID funded PVOs and CSOs to strengthen democracy. Open news sources, Semi-Annual Reports, Policy Matrices, direct observation. At least three achievements will be listed annually, each will be described in 3-4 sentences. Indicator 5: IR At least three (a) national level innovative uses of media NGO records and Semi-Annual Reports At least three examples from national level and three examples from local level "breakthroughs in information services or presentation formats that are innovative in the Indonesian context and provide a positive service to Indonesian democracy. Indicator 6: IR At least three (b) local level innovative uses to media NGO records and Semi-Annual Reports At least three examples from national level and three examples from local level "breakthroughs in information services or presentation formats that are innovative in the Indonesian context and provide a positive service to Indonesian democracy U.S. Financing
(In thousands of dollars)
Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1999 80,712 DA 48,405 DA 32,307 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 0 CSD 6,825 ESF 898 ESF 5,927 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA Fiscal Year 2000 13,875 DA 30,001 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 6,000 ESF 4,573 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA Through September 30, 2000 94,587 DA 78,406 DA 16,181 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 0 CSD 12,825 ESF 5,471 ESF 7,354 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA Prior Year Unobligated Funds 0 DA 0 CSD 850 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Planned Fiscal Year 2001 NOA 7,886 DA 0 CSD 10,985 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Total Planned Fiscal Year 2001 7,886 DA 0 CSD 11,835 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Future Obligations Est. Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Year 2002 NOA 7,193 DA 35,681 DA 145,347 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 0 CSD 18,500 ESF 36,395 ESF 79,555 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA
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Last Updated on: May 29, 2002 |
