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Indonesia
>> Regional Overview >> Indonesia Overview ACTIVITY DATA SHEET
PROGRAM: Indonesia
TITLE AND NUMBER: Strengthened and Decentralized Natural Resources Management, 497-012
STATUS: Continuing
PLANNED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $10,500,000 DA, $1,500,000 ESF
PLANNED FY 2001 OBLIGATION AND FUNDING SOURCE: $8,488,000 DA, $1,500,000 ESF
INITIAL OBLIGATION: FY 1998 ESTIMATED COMPLETION DATE: FY 2003Summary: While Indonesia ranks first in the world in abundance of plant and marine biodiversity and second to the Amazon Basin in area of tropical forests, these natural resources are under relentless pressure. Increased deforestation threatens a number of endangered species, including orangutans. Coral reef destruction affects over 30 million Indonesians who depend on the sea for their livelihood. In January 2001, Indonesia launched an ambitious decentralization effort devolving a sweeping set of authorities and functions to local governments. Natural resource management is a critical element of decentralization, with control of vast areas of wealth at stake.
This strategic objective will strengthen local management of Indonesia's forests, protected areas, and coastal zones. More transparent, accountable, and inclusive local management will promote the sustainable use of natural resources, the maintenance of ecosystem functions, and the conservation of biological diversity. USAID plays a significant role in this sector, with a decade of experience in promoting accountability and participation in natural resources management and strong relationships with official counterparts and NGOs.
Key Results: At the strategic objective level, impact is demonstrated by increases in the amount of land (number of hectares) where strengthened management practices have stabilized or improved the condition of targeted natural resources. Achievement of this objective also relies on three key intermediate results: 1) roles and responsibilities for natural resource decision-making and management clarified; 2) capacity of local stakeholders to manage natural resources improved; and 3) broader and more knowledgeable public demand for sustainable natural resource management established. The last result was modified this past year as part of the July 2000 approval of a new USAID strategy for Indonesia.
Performance and Prospects: USAID intends to obligate $10.5 million in DA and $1.8 million in ESF (including $300,000 in carry-over funds) in FY 2001 to strengthen natural resource management in Indonesia. This amount includes $1.5 million for orangutan habitat protection. The decentralization process has generated new threats to natural resource management as well as new opportunities, and USAID is taking advantage of the greater access to local decision-makers afforded by decentralization to achieve results.
In FY 2000, USAID supported local efforts in South Lampung to develop and implement a coastal zone management plan for the province. As a result, the planting of 50,000 new trees has rehabilitated degraded mangrove areas and the water quality in Lampung Bay has shown measurable improvement. USAID efforts at the Blonko Marine Sanctuary in North Sulawesi have increased the live coral reef cover from 44% in 1997 to 67% in 2000. The total number of species observed has increased from 20 to 69 in this same time period. In the resource-rich provinces of East Kalimantan and West Irian, USAID is working with local governments to slow the pace of deforestation. The Bupati (District Chief) of West Kutai, East Kalimantan, declared over 100,000 hectares of community forests as protected areas. In West Irian, the Governor has endorsed the creation of a new national park in the "Birds Head" Peninsula.
USAID is working to help national and local government administrators, NGOs and local communities understand the new "rules of the game" under decentralization regarding who will be responsible for tackling natural resource issues. USAID has made significant progress in clarifying local roles and responsibilities for natural resource policy, planning, implementation, and monitoring. USAID has played a key role in drafting decentralization legislation, including the implementing regulations relating to forestry, coastal and protected areas resources. In FY 2001, the focus will be on the involvement of local communities in implementing the new rules and guidelines for decentralized resource management.
USAID has promoted more pluralistic and transparent natural resource decision-making and management by supporting the development and implementation of site-specific management plans and agreements among local stakeholders. These management plans and agreements are a reflection of the increased willingness of the government to work with non-governmental stakeholders on natural resources management. These agreements have been concluded with varying degrees of success among different entities (e.g., resource user groups, communities, traditional groups, private sector companies, and local government units). Successful implementation of the agreements have been supported by training programs for natural resource users in the biology of resources, market analysis, and other areas.
In FY 2001, USAID plans to provide $9.1 million in DA for continuation of current activities under its Natural Resource Management Program in support of decentralized and improved natural resource management in key focus areas of Indonesia, including East Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, and Irian Jaya. These activities will be funded through grants and cooperative agreements with international NGOs such as The Nature Conservancy, Conservation International, and local NGOs such as World Wildlife Fund-Indonesia and Kemala, as well as buy-ins to various USAID Global Bureau indefinite quantity contracts and cooperative agreements.
Community resource mapping programs conducted by USAID partner organizations have led to the adoption of community-managed zones in parks and incorporation of the maps into local development plans in twenty areas. In Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi, a formal decree awarded both the Katu and Robo Behoa people the right to retain control over their traditional lands. They have already proven themselves to be more effective than the park rangers in keeping illegal loggers and poachers from operating in the national park.
USAID plans to provide $1.0 million in DA in FY 2001 to help launch a new nation-wide public awareness media campaign designed to increase public awareness and demand for sustainable and transparent forestry management.
In FY 2001, USAID will engage the central government in pursuing multi-stakeholder participation in the formulation of new environmental policies. Devolving increased authority for natural resource management and decision-making to local government is an important and necessary step in promoting the sustainable use of Indonesia's natural resources. The NRM program will work to strengthen non-governmental constituencies who value the resources in their natural state and who can influence official policy and resource practices in the field. Shaping and amplifying the popular voice by engaging community, business, religious and academic groups, NGOs, the media and other elements of civil society in the development of environmentally beneficial policies increases the likelihood of appropriate policy formulation and enactment.
USAID plans to provide $400,000 in DA in FY 2001 to support the U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Surface Mines, in its ongoing assistance to the Ministry of Mines and Energy for decentralization planning, coal fire suppression, and improved mining regulations.
Under the NRM program, USAID intends to take a strategic approach to meet the challenges of orangutan protection in Indonesia. USAID will develop an action plan in consultation with its partners and stakeholders to identify priority activities and guide program implementation. USAID will also encourage other donors to help protect the charming, yet highly threatened, orangutans of Indonesia. In FY 2001, USAID plans to provide $1.5 million in ESF for grants to NGOs working to conserve orangutan habitat.
USAID will consolidate and disseminate lessons learned from field sites to capture stakeholder interests in resource management techniques so that they may be used to inform policy formulation, implementation, and planning.
Possible Adjustments to Plans: The program balance between national policy and local capacity building may have to be modified as the ramifications of decentralization emerge over the next year. Changes in the security situation may also warrant adjustments.
Other Donor Programs: USAID coordinates closely with other donors in the natural resource management area. The World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and Australia are replicating USAID's community-based approaches. A number of multilateral banks, bilateral donors, and international research centers work with USAID to support Indonesia's forestry conservation. Japan works with USAID on biodiversity conservation. Canada, Finland and Japan work with USAID in the formulation of forestry policy.
Principal Contractors, Grantees, or Agencies: Principal implementers include: World Wildlife Fund Indonesia; Conservation International Indonesia; The Nature Conservancy; University of Rhode Island; International Resources Group, and Orangutan Foundation International.
FY 2002 Performance Table
Indonesia: 497-012
Performance Measures:
Indicator FY97 (Actual) FY98 (Actual) FY99 (Actual) FY00 (Actual) FY00 (Plan) FY01 (Plan) FY02 (Plan) Indicator 1: Total areas of USAID assisted sites where the condition of the targeted natural resources is stable or improving as a result of best practices being implemented 562,189 NA 298,757 564,707 270,800 411,500 737,000 Indicator 2: Number of site-specific management plans/agreements between stakeholders that are GOI recognized and under implementation 12 43 78 NA 92 131 181 Indicator 3: Number of policy advances along policy index 28 196 493 708 365 447 600 Indicator Information:
Indicator Level (S) or (IR) Unit of Measure Source Indicator Description Indicator 1: S Number of hectares Field reports/surveys Best practices: Refers to a socially sustainable practice, process or pattern of resource use employed by stake-holders and managers at the field level that contributes to the condition of the targeted natural resource's stability or improvement. Indicator 2: IR Number of site-specific management plans and agreements Government and advisor records Site-specific management plans/agreements refers to any kind of document, e.g. An MOU, a map, etc. Which represents the end product of a process of consensus compromise between stakeholders and GOI and which serves as an indicator of increasing pluralism in management of the targeted resource. Indicator 3: IR Number of policy advances Government and advisor records The policy and enabling conditions index is a matrix of five non-sequential policy advances: policy demonstration/analysis completed, policy adopted, education activities, policy implemented, and document improvement U.S. Financing
(In thousands of dollars)
Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1999 73,994 DA 58,169 DA 15,825 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 0 CSD 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA Fiscal Year 2000 10,500 DA 11,729 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 300 ESF 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA Through September 30, 2000 84,494 DA 69,898 DA 14,596 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 0 CSD 300 ESF 0 ESF 300 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA Prior Year Unobligated Funds 0 DA 0 CSD 0 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Planned Fiscal Year 2001 NOA 10,500 DA 0 CSD 1,500 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Total Planned Fiscal Year 2001 10,500 DA 0 CSD 1,500 ESF 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 DFA Future Obligations Est. Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Year 2002 NOA 8,488 DA 19,162 DA 122,644 DA 0 CSD 0 CSD 0 CSD 1,500 ESF 0 ESF 3,300 ESF 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 SEED 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 FSA 0 DFA 0 DFA 0 DFA
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Last Updated on: May 29, 2002 |
